Swami Mahavir ji is believed to be the real founder of Jainism. He was the 24th Tirthankara of Jainism i.e. Acharya. There were 23 more Tirthankaras from the east. The name of the first Tirthkara was Rishabhdev and the name of the 23rd was Parshvanath. Jainism was initially named Nigrantha. The literal meaning of freedom was freedom from worldly bonds. Jainism spread the three rattan non-violence, harsh tenacity, karma principle and mutual brotherhood. Although the teachings of Jainism were simple, this religion could not become popular among the people due to many reasons. Jainism was divided into several sects. Its two major sects were Digambara and Shvetambara. Jainism gave valuable value to Indian culture.
।। Origin of jainism ।।
Jainism is counted among the oldest religions in India. Scholars relate this religion to the Harappan civilization. Vedic literature describes the pilgrimage of Jainism. This shows that Jainism was prevalent at that time. The word Jan derives from the Sanskrit word gin. Which means the winner. The winner has the feeling of a person who has conquered his senses and mind. Jainism was initially named Nigrantha. The Acharyas of Jainism are called Tirathkar. Tirthankara means that knowledgeable great man who can overcome a man from this world. I believe in 24 Tirthankaras of Jainism. Their names are as follows.
Rishabhdev, Ajit, Sambhav, Abhinandan, Sumati, Padamprabhu, Supasharava, Chandraprabhu, Pushpadanta, Sheetal, Shreyasam, Vasupujya, Vimal, Anant, Dharma, Shanti, Kunth, Arrah, Malli, Munisurvat, Nami, Nami, Parshvanath and the last and most. The important Mahavira who was the 24th Tirath.
।। Life of swami mahaveer ।।
1.Mahavir's birth and parents....
Mahavira was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. He is considered the real founder of Jainism. He was born in Kundagram near Vaishali (located in the Indian state of Bihar) in 599 BC. Some historians consider his date of birth as 540 BC. His father's name was Siddhartha and he was the head of a clan. His mother's name was Trishala. She was the sister of Chetak, ruler of the Lichchavi dynasty.
It is mentioned in Jain literature that before the birth of Mahavira, his mother Trishala saw 14 great dreams in one night. She told her husband about the dream. He asked famous astrologers of the state about these dreams. The astrologer made this prediction. That soon a child will be born in the king's house who will grow up to be either a Chakravarti king or a great ascetic. In which Mahavira was born, at that time there was divine light all around in the sky. Because his father's kingdom was at the peak of his progress at that time, the newborn boy was named Vardhamana.
2.Mahavir's childhood....
Mahavir's childhood name was Vardhaman. Bardhaman's childhood was spent in such a relaxed way. Vardhaman was very brave since childhood. Once he controlled a giant dragon in which one of his companions was attacked. Another time he subdued a mad elephant who had made a strong attack on his many friends who were playing at the time. Vardhaman was named Mahavir because of these and many other bravery feats. Mahavir was very reflective since childhood. He wanted to get full knowledge about truth and salvation.
3.Mahavir Swami's married life....
Seeing Mahavir merry in other works, his father began to worry. He wanted to see her as a Chakravarti emperor. So in order to divert Mahavira's attention to worldly pursuits, he was married to a beautiful princess named Yashoda. We do not have any definite information regarding the age of Mahavirji at the time of marriage. After some time, a daughter was born to Mahavirji's house. Which was named Priyadarshan or Anoja.
4.Great sacrifice and enlightenment....
Even householder life could not become an obstacle in Mahavir's religious interests. In fact, he had already made up his mind about abandoning the house, but he did not want to cause any sorrow for his parents by doing so. When Mahavir died at the age of 30, his parents had died. Therefore, Mahavira renounced the planet after taking orders from his elder brother Nandivardhan.
After leaving the house, Mahavira undertook rigorous penance for the purpose of acquiring knowledge for 12 years. After 1 year he removed his clothes. He gave his body many kinds of sufferings. They used to do it in summer sun and winter in shade. He did not drink water for months and after several days ate some food. People used to make fun of them by thinking of them as mad and children used to make noise and hurl stones at them. Despite these sufferings, Mahavir did not give up his patience. In the end, he got Kaivalya knowledge under a Sal tree on the banks of Rijupalika river which was in the village of Jarimbik. Mahavira was 42 years old at the time of attaining enlightenment. After attaining enlightenment, Mahavira is called the conqueror of the senses, the one acquiring Kaivalya knowledge free from worldly bonds.
5.Preaching....
After attaining enlightenment, Vardhamana, now known as Mahavir Swami, started his propaganda campaign with the aim of removing darkness from people and showing them the new light of knowledge. He gave his first sermon on the Vipul mountain located in Rajagriha, the capital of the Magadha Empire. After this he traveled to different parts of India for 30 years. Influenced by his sweet voice and thoughts, a large number of people became his followers. The names of Mahavirji's famous publicity centers were Rajgriha, Vaishali, Kaushal, Kaushambi, Avanti, Champa, Mithila, Videha and Anga.
6.Death of swami mahaveer ji....
Swami Mahavira attained liberation at Pava (in the Indian state of Bihar) in 527 BC, at the age of 72. At that time Mahavir ji had 14000 followers.
।।Swami Mahavir's main teachings।।
Following were the main teachings of Swami Mahavira Bhajan Dharma.
Triratna, Ahimsa, 9 truths, Karma doctrine, hard penance, five Mahavratas, pluralism, faith in equality, emphasis on pure conduct, worship of Tirthankaras, disbelief in God, distrust in Vedas and Sanskrit language, distrust in Yagas and Balios etc. and caste Belief in practice
Etc. were the main teachings of Swami Mahavir ji.
According to Swami Mahavir ji the goal of human life is to achieve liberation. Jaini also calls it Siddhasil. Salvation means freedom from the cycle of traffic. Upon reaching this state, man has no feeling of happiness and sorrow etc.
।। Buddhism ।।
The founder of Buddhism was Mahatma Buddha. His initial name was Siddhartha. At the age of 29, he gave up his home for the purpose of searching for true knowledge and at the age of 35, he got true knowledge at a place called Bodh Gaya. Mahatma Buddha gave his first sermon at Sarnath. He traveled to various places in India for 45 years and shared his knowledge among the people. His simple teachers made a magical impact on people's minds. He preached 4 great truths, Ashta Marg, Karma principle, Ahimsa and mutual fraternity. He believed in Yagyas, Balio, Vedas, Sanskrit language, penance, caste system and God. He considered liberation to be the ultimate purpose of human life. Mahatma Buddha established the Buddhist Sangha with the aim of mobilizing his followers. It was based on the principles of democracy. The main sects of Buddhism were Hinayana, Mahayana and Vajrayana. Several reasons were responsible for the decline and popularity of Buddhism. This religion left an indelible mark on Indian civilization and culture.
।। Life of mahatma buddha ।।
1.Birth and parents....
The birth of Mahatma Mercury was a very important event not only for India but for the world. There were considerable differences among historians regarding his date of birth. According to historians, Mahatma Buddha was born on 623 BC, 570 BC, 567 BC and 563 BC. Most historians accept Mahatma Buddha's date of birth as 567 BC. Mahatma Buddha's father's name was Shuddhodana. Shuddhodan belonged to the Kshatriya dynasty and was the ruler of a small republic located in the Terai of Nepal. The name of the capital of this republic was Kapilavastu. Shuddhodan had two queens. His names were Mahamaya or Mahadevi and Prajapati Gautami. It was both flowing and princesses of the Republic of Kolya. Mahatma Buddha's mother's name was Mahamaya.(The name of Mahatma Mercury's childhood was Siddhartha.)
2.childhood and Marriage....
Siddhartha was raised with great love. Proper arrangements were made to give them different types of education. Siddhartha was reflective and gentle in his childhood. He loved being in solitude. His father was worried after seeing this. He wanted to divert Siddhartha's attention from spiritual thoughts so that his son would become a great emperor. For this purpose, as much as possible arrangements were made for Siddharth's indulgence in the Raj Mahal. But all these royal pleasures did not read any effect on Siddhartha's mind. When Siddharth died at the age of 16, he was married to a very beautiful princess Yashodhara. After some time, a son was born in his house named Rahul. Even married life could not attract Siddhartha towards worldly pursuits.
3.Four Major Sights and Great Renunciation....
Although Siddhartha was kept in exquisite palaces. But his mind was anxious to see the outer world. One day he came out of the Raj Mahal with his charioteer Channa. On the way, he saw an old man, a patient, an economist and a monk. Siddhartha's mind got distracted by seeing these different scenes of human life. He realized that the world is home to sorrows. Hence, Siddhartha gave his decision to renounce the house and left his wife and son asleep one night and set out in search of truth. This event is called the great sacrifice. Siddhartha was 29 at the time.
4.Enlightenmet....
After abandoning his home, Siddhartha started searching for true knowledge. For this purpose, he first reached the Rajgriha, the capital of Magadha. Here he received education regarding knowledge from two famous scholars named Alarkalam and Udarak but his mind was not satisfied. Hence, Siddharth left the Rajgriha. He crossed many forests and inaccessible hills and reached Uruvela forest near Gaya. Where Siddhartha met five Brahmin means. At the behest of the Brahmins, Siddhartha started austerities. As a result of 6 years of penance, his body dried up and became a thorn. Even two or four steps could not walk in them. He came to the conclusion that excessive torture of the body is futile. So they took food. After this, Siddharth set up a tomb under a peepal tree near the Niranjana river and vowed that he would not rise from there until he attained enlightenment. On the eighth day of the full moon of Vaishakh, Siddhartha attained true knowledge. Hence, Siddhartha also came to be called Buddha and Tathagata. The tree under which Mahatma Buddha attained enlightenment came to be known as Mahabodhi tree and Gaya was called Bodh Gaya. At the time of attaining enlightenment, Mahatma Mercury was 35 years old.
5.Death of mahatma buddha....
Mahatma Buddha showed the path of knowledge to the wandering humanity through his teachings. Towards the end of his life, when he reached Pawa, he dined there at the home of a goldsmith. After this, he developed a disease called dysentery. Mahatma Buddha reached Kushinagar from here. Here, at the age of 80, in 487 BCE, he left his body on the full moon of Baisakhi.
।। Teachings of Lord Buddha ।।
The teachings of Mahatma Buddha were very simple and clear. He inspired people to live a pure and holy life. He told the people that the world is home to sorrows and only by walking on the Ashta path can a person attain salvation. He strongly opposed the superstitions prevalent in the society. Mahatma Buddha propagated his teachings in Pali, the popular language of the people. He did not propagate any complex philosophy. This was the reason that his teachings had a magical effect on the minds of the people and he got involved in Buddhism in large numbers.
His major teachings were the great truth, the Ashta Marg, faith in Karma doctrine, rebirth, non-violence, emphasis on morality, mistrust in rituals, mistrust in Vedas and Sanskrit, mistrust in caste system, unbelief in penance and belief in the existence of God.
।। Some words spoken in the last time of Mahatma Buddha ।।
According to Mahatma Buddha, the ultimate goal of human life is to achieve liberation. After liberation, man attains peace from happiness and happiness. He always gets freedom from the cycle of traffic. This is the end of all suffering. In fact, liberation is a state which cannot be described in words. Those who experience this truth do not talk about it and those who talk about it do not know about it. According to Mahatma Mercury, any person can attain salvation by walking on the eight-way. In other religions, where liberation is attained after death, in Buddhism it is possible to achieve liberation in this life. If we talk about the death of Mahatma Mercury. He died of a terrible disease before his death, due to which he abandoned his body at the age of 80 on the full moon of Vaishakh in 487 BC.
।। Four Great councils of Buddhism ।।
1. First great councils 487 B.C
2. Second great councils 387 B.C
3. Third great councils 252-51 B.C
4. Fourth great councils 100 A.D
Written by sonu dixit.........
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