The Harappan or Indus Valley Civilization was the oldest civilization in India. The discovery of this civilization ushered in a new era of Indian history. First discovered this civilization at the place of Harappa in 1921 AD at Sri Dayaram Sahni.
।।Major centers of Harappan civilization in India।।
Kotla Nihang Khan, Mitathal,Banawali, Kalibangan, Alamgirpur, Lothal and Rangpur etc. are the major centers.
The city plan of the Harappan civilization was of a very high quality, the buildings of this civilization were of solid bricks and they were built according to a certain plan. The society of Harappan civilization was not based on caste caste. Women had special respect in the society. The women of that society, like women of modern times, were very fond of necklace makeup.
..Who was the founder of Harappan civilization?
Who was the founder of the Harappan civilization is also a controversial subject. Different scholars have given different views on this subject. Many Indian scholars say that the Harappan civilization was founded by the Dravidians. Some other scholars are of the opinion that the founder of this civilization was Arya and some Western scholars have held the opinion that this civilization was founded by Sumerians.
It can be concluded from his study that people of Harappan civilization belonged to many species. These castes can be divided into four main parts. Their names are - Proto Australoid, Mediterranean, Mongolian and Alpine. These various castes contributed significantly to the creation of the Harappan civilization.
।।Social life of Harappan civilization।।
On the basis of the remnants we have received from the excavation of the Harappan civilization, we can present the outline of the social life of the time. Undoubtedly, the social life of Hindu residents was quite advanced and prosperous. These people used to gather with their families and their family consisted of parents, siblings and sons and daughters. The society of Harappan civilization is divided into four classes, in which the ruling class, the rich class, the middle class and the lower class, as well as the people of the Harappan civilization were very fond of eating different kinds of food. Their staple food was wheat, jobs and rice. From the remains found during the excavation of the Harappan civilization, it is known that even at that time, women used to wear devotion to today's women.
।।Religious Life of Harappan Civilization।।
To throw light on the religious life of the people of the Harappan civilization, we have to face major difficulties. We have not found any buildings related to his temple from the excavation done so far of the first Harappa. Second, scholars have not yet succeeded in reading the script of the Harappan civilization. Despite these difficulties, the remains found from the excavation of Harappa suggest that even at that time people worshiped the gods and goddesses. Of which, mainly the worship of mother goddess, worship of Shiva, worship of animal birds, and worship of water and sun were also done. Let us tell you that. Harappans also believed in magic tones even at that time.
।।People of Harappan civilization also knew to read and write.।।
The people of the Harappan civilization were familiar with the art of writing. The proof of this is found in the stamps on the walls and the stamps we got from the excavation. This script is pictorial. The total number of characters received from this script is about 400. Most of the DPs are written from right to left, but sometimes they are visible from left to right. The most important feature of this script is that so far no scholar has succeeded in reading it.
।।Due to the decline of Harappan civilization।।
The signs of the decline of the Harappan civilization were clearly visible around 1720 BC. By this time, two major centers of Harappan civilization, Harappa and Mohenjodaro had been destroyed. It is difficult to say when and how the Harappan civilization came to an end, there is still a difference of opinion among scholars. But some scholars believe that. This civilization has come to an end when the Aryans invaded, there was a strong earthquake and flooding and then the changing climate. But it is not right to believe all these things. It is clear from appropriate studies that. There was no single reason for the destruction of the Harappan civilization. In fact, both nature and humans were responsible for the destruction of this civilization.
Written by sonu dixit
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